The balanced austenitic structure of grade 304 enables it to be severely deep drawn without intermediate annealing. Welding of stainless steels and other joining methods, ssina. Refer to ssinas welding of stainless steels and other joining methods for best practices. Study on microstructure and mechanical properties of 304. It has the second lowest strength and second highest ductility compared to the other variants of aisi 304 stainless steel. The other element that is of importance is the carbon content of the stainless steel. Ferritic stainless steel is a flexible grade of the stainless steel family with properties closely matching those of the more popular and expensive austenitic grade. The world material is a website mainly provides the information of worldwide material grades, including us astm aisi sae, european en, british bs, germany din, france nf.
It has the lowest base cost among wrought austenitic stainless steels. The xray diffraction was used to analyze the phase composition, while the microscopy was conducted to study the microstructure characters of joints. The steel contains both chromium between 18% and 20% and nickel between 8% and 10. Billet products special steels alloy steels plant rcs blooms mm. Austenitic stainless steel general characteristics. Petroleum engineers steel products manualstainless and heat.
Note that some of these stainless steel grades are commonly referred to by. It is the most versatile and most widely used stainless steel available, even though a wide range of alternatives are available. About 0% of these are refractory, 0% are steel pipes. Material characterization of ss 316 in lowcycle fatigue loading. Ss304 material properties stainless steel sheets suppliers.
Proof strength can be further increased by approximately 400 mpa, if material is cold worked by pilgering. Steel plate material comparision gb jis astm q235f ss41 g3101 a36 ust372 1. Intergranular corrosion is the cracking that can occur along grain boundaries of steel in the presence of tensile stress. Minimum mechanical properties for annealed types 302, 304, 304l, and 305 austenitic stainless steel plate, sheet and strip as required by astm specifications a 240 and asme specification sa240 are shown below. Alloy 304 is the standard 188 18% chrome, 8% nickel austenitic stainless steel and is the most commonly used. Type 304, or one of its modifications, is the material specified more than 50% of the. Nickel gives stainless steel hardness and strength. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare 116hard aisi 304 to. Steel plate material comparision stainless steel, steel. Stainless steel grade 304 uns s30400 material science. These items have chemical and mechanical properties complying with both 304 and 304l specifications.
This study was carried out using scanning electron microscope sem, potentiodynamic, weight loss, hardness number and ballpunch bulge measurements. Postweld annealing is not required when welding thin sections. The difference between 304, 304l and 304h stainless steel. The metal is characterized by its corrosion resistance, especially in cases of oxidation and salt water. A wide variety of ss304 properties options are available to you, such as shape, material, and application. Tables of technical properties materials and applications series, volume 5. Experimental data of 304 stainless steel and 1045 carbon steel were used. Because ss 304 contains 18% chromium cr and 8% nickel ni, its also known as 188 stainless steel. Sus304 stainless steel was yielded by reducing the temperature to about 50k.
Type 304 and 304l grades of stainless steel pipe exhibit good machinability and have excellent weldability characteristics with or without the addition of filler metals. These alloys may be considered for a wide variety of applications where one or more of the following properties are important. Euro inox euro inox is the european market development association for stainless steel. Oct 23, 2001 grade 304 is a standard 188 stainless. We are creating other entries for more specific heat treatments and forms. Aisi 204 stainless steel is an austenitic stainless steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products.
When it comes to variations between 304 and 304l stainless steel, the most essential thing to note is the latters greater immunity to intergranular corrosion. Datasheet for steel grades stainless steel sus304 sus304 standard number. Yet, it is grossly underspecified for application because it is erroneously considered inferior to the austenitic. In some instances type 304 can be used in the aswelded condition. Austenitic stainless steel 304304l kloeckner metals uk. Weldability issue of aisi 202 ss stainless steel grade with gtaw process compared to aisi 304 ss grade sahil bharwal1 and charit vyas2 1, 2department of mechanical engineering, sant longowal institute of engineering and technology, sangrur, punjab abstract aisi 202 ss stainless steel has similar mechanical property as compare to. It also contains the use of sus304,such as it is commonly used in bars, sheet,plates, steel coils, steel pipes,forged and other materials application. Sandvik duplex stainless steels sandvik materials technology. The lower carbon content minimizes chromium carbide precipitation due to welding and its susceptibility to intergranular corrosion. Stainless steel grades chemical composition principal elements % mechanical properties annealed condition typical characteristics cr ni c tensile psi yield psi elong. Types 302, 304, 304l, and 305 stainless steels are variations of the 18 percent chromium 8 percent nickel austenitic alloy, the most familiar and most frequently used alloy in the stainless steel family. Type 304, type 304l uns s30400, uns s30403 outokumpu. Type 304 has good processability, weldability, corrosion resistance, heat resistance, low. It is available in a wider range of products, forms and finishes than any other.
Grade 304 is the most versatile and widely used stainless steel. This inherent property, combined with the low level of interstitial elements elements which lack the dislocation chain, gives this material high ductility, low yield. It is common for the material to be dual certified when both the lower carbon content of 304l and the higher mechanical properties of 304 are met. This matweb entry has typical values for specimens of unknown formheat treatment but appear to be annealed samples.
Stainless steel datasheets revised november 2011 page 1 of 1 au austenitic stainless steels 301, 301l, 301ln high strength for roll formed structural components 302hq low work hardening rate grade for cold heading fasteners 303, 303se freemachining bar grades 304, 304l, 304h standard 188 grades. Pdf material characterization of ss 316 in lowcycle. Stainless steels stainless 304 properties, fabrication. Type 304 stainless steel is a variation of the base 188 grade, with a higher chromium and lower.
Ss 304 is a stainless steel with applications ranging from the manufacturing of chemical equipment, kitchen and cooking utensils and equipment, to surgical tools and textile dyeing equipment. Ferritic stainless steel an overview sciencedirect topics. Figures in the table below apply to material in the solution annealed condition at 20. This article discusses the properties and applications of stainless steel grade 304 uns. Minimum mechanical properties for annealed types 302, 304, 304l, and 305 austenitic stainless steel plate, sheet and strip as required by astm specifications a 240.
When dealing with stainless steel materials, people often have a tough time differentiating between 304 grade stainless steel and 316 grade stainless steel. The usage of stainless steel is small compared with that of carbon steels but exhibits a. Optimization of process parameters v s thangarasu 1 and r sivasubramanian corresponding author. Sus329j1 denotes austenitic and ferritic stainless steel.
Sandvik duplex stainless steels increased toughness and strength in particular, very high proof strength. Mechanical property specification grade 301 other values for 301l and 301ln. Aisi 304 grade stainless steel uns s30400 aisi 304 stainless steel uns s30400 is the most commonly used material in stainless steels, and is usually purchased in an annealed or cold worked state. Japanese jis and chinese gb standard, so you can learn and compare the material datasheet and specification of the major countries. This article discusses the properties and applications of stainless steel grade 304 uns s30400. Weldability issue of aisi 202 ss stainless steel grade with. High ductility, excellent drawing, forming, and spinning properties. Spacer pcb mounting and other electronic parts manufacturing, marketing communications instrument of your cedar. Sae 304 stainless steel is the most common stainless steel. Stainless steel grade 304, 304l, 304h representative creep rupture properties. Approximate concentrations for industrial hygiene purposes ingredients cas number percent permissable exposure limit pel osha threshold limit value tlv acgih iron 7439896 45 70 % 10 mgm 3 5 mgm 3.
Minimum mechanical properties for annealed ati 302, ati 304, ati 304l. Mechanical properties of sus304 stainless steel under cold. This paper investigated the microstructure and mechanical properties of 304 stainless steel joints by tungsten inert gas tig welding, laser welding and lasertig hybrid welding. Microstructure, corrosion and mechanical properties of 304. Other less frequently specified 188 stainless steel grades, such as ati. It is common for 304 and 304l to be stocked in dual certified form, particularly in plate and pipe. In addition, it has the lowest embodied energy and can have a moderately high tensile. It has excellent forming and welding characteristics. Type 304 is the most versatile and widely used stainless steel.
One way of combining the effect of alloying elements is via the socalled pitting. Difference between 304 grade and 316 grade stainless steel. Combining with the xrd results in figure 2, it can. Grade 304 also has outstanding welding characteristics.
Stainless 302, 304, 304l, 305 specialty stainless steel. A ferritic alternative to grade 304 304l weld stabilised. These hysteresis loops in the stressstrain curves obtained under the cold thermal cycles suggest that sus304 stainless steel has the potential to cause cold thermal fatigue failure. Properties at subzero temperatures fatigue properties when looking into the fatigue properties of austenitic stainless steels, it is important to note that design and fabricationnot material, are the major contributors to fatigue failure. It is less electrically and thermally conductive than carbon steel and is essentially nonmagnetic. The source standarts should always be checked for the specific purpose for each material, in case of doubt buy, sell, suppliers search product 304 online. The properties, applications and fabrication details are provided for 304 stainless steel. Microstructure and mechanical properties of pressure. The lack of understanding that persists can be justified given the fact that on the surface, the two grades of stainless steel in question look extremely similar, if not identical.
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