Trend and variability of rainfall in tigray, northern ethiopia. Climate impact studies on crops predominate, but impacts. This study investigated how smallholder farmers perceive climate change. Study session 11 impacts of climate change in ethiopia introduction. In order to build resilience in agricultural systems in ethiopia, the cgiar research program on climate change, agriculture and food security ccafs promotes innovations by tapping into. Climate change, water and food security odi background. Keywords climate change impacts vulnerability subsaharan africa introduction africa has been identi. Dec 03, 2014 chapter 7, food security and food production systems, details the current effects of climate change, the expected decline in crop production by 2030 as a result of climate change, and what farmers can do to mitigate some of the negative impacts. This article aims to examine the impact of climate change on food security in south africa. Our own special project on climate change and food security. A robust and coherent global pattern is discernible of the impacts of climate change on crop productivity that could have consequences for food availability. Climate change is happening and already affecting food security in africa. The government of ethiopia s productive safety net program psnp is one of the largest safety net programs in the world.
Climate change impacts on food security in subsaharan africa ifpri. More than 85 percent of emissions are due to agriculture and deforestation, while the power, transport, industrial and building sectors contribute 3 percent each. Climate change is expected to increase the surface temperature of the earth and the oceans, raise sea levels, alter the global distribution of rainfall, affect the direction of ocean currents and major airstreams, and increase the intensity and frequency of extreme weather events. Both have a direct and essential impact on human existence.
It examine the impact on the basic components of food security. Understanding climate as a driver of food insecurity in ethiopia kirsty lewis1,2. Climate change, livelihood, and household vulnerability in eastern niger by. Ethiopian agriculture currently accounts for close to 42 percent of ethiopia. Climate change impacts, vulnerability and adaptation in. Currently, climate variability is a hot issue across the globe, especially in countries where rainfed agriculture is a means of livelihood. In terms of livestock, climate change also will affect the quality and amount of feed supply and water. Impact of climate variability on household food availability.
Climate change has posed a serious threat on food security in developing countries in africa. Farmers adaptation strategies to climate change and their. It supports 400 development projects and programmes in 57 countries in africa, asia and latin america. Impact of climate variability on household food availability in tigray.
It will have an impact on human health, livelihood assets, food production and distribution channels, as well as changing purchasing power. As a result of climate change, many regions that already suffer from high rates of hunger and food insecurity are predicted to experience the greatest declines in food production. Ethiopia is historically a victim of extreme weather variability, including erratic rainfall and major flooding. In this study session you will learn about the impacts of climate change on human health, the environment, agriculture, water supply, sanitation and socioeconomic activities, focusing attention on the effects in ethiopia. Climate change and its impact on food and nutrition. Ethiopia is vulnerable to climate change because our economies largely depend on climate. Analysis of climate impacts on food security and livelihoods.
Impact of climate change on food security in ethiopia. Climate change impacts on global food security science. In sub saharan african countries, fast gdp growth has created a great opportunity to improve developmental indicators including food security. These changes also hamper economic activity and aggravate existing social and economic problems. Climate change will affect all nations, but the impact will be higher on lowincome countries, such as ethiopia, which have limited capacity to cope with the effects of a changing climate. Direct impact of climate change on agricultural production and the food system as a whole is in. Climate change is projected to majorly impact food security which is why many researchers, aid organizations, and policymakers are so focused on finding sustainable agricultural practices that wont further strain the worlds limited natural resources.
All dimensions of food security are likely to be affected by climate change box 1. Importantly, food security will depend not only on climate and socioeconomic impacts on food production, but also and critically so on economic growth, changes to trade flows, stocks, and food aid policy. In 21st century, climate change is contributing to the global burden of disease, human health, food and premature death 3. Adaptation to climate change and food security food and. Smallholder farmers adaptation to climate change and. The impact of climate change on food security in south. Th e actual and potential impacts of climate change in africa are large and wide ranging, aff ecting many aspects of peoples everyday lives. Impacts across sectors are likely to amplify the overall effect but remain little understood. Jun 14, 2017 this academic paper uses ethiopia as a case study detailing how farmers are adapting to climate change. Reducing risks to food security from climate change is one of the major challenges of the 21st century. The impacts of climate change could therefore undermine the progress that has been made in poverty reduction and could adversely affect food security and economic growth in vulnerable rural areas.
Our own special project on climate change and food security includes fieldlevel reportage on local adaption initiatives in kenya, nigeria, senegal, and zimbabwe. This book outlines the impact of climate change in four developing country regions. Estimates suggest climate change may reduce ethiopias gdp up to 10 percent by 2045, primarily through impacts on agricultural productivity. Food security is highly sensitive to climate risks in ethiopia.
It will affect not only food production, but also food processing. Ethiopia is one of the most vulnerable countries of the world to the impacts of climate change and variability. It will have an impact on human health, livelihood assets, food production and distribution channels, as well as changing purchasing power and market flows. Climate change impacts on food security in subsaharan africa. Pdf climate change will become more harmful unless it will be reversed or ceased its progress. It had applied to examine lessresearch question of economy widehousehold level impact of climate change on food security in ethiopia. Climate change causes new patterns of crops, cultivation and humans and animal disease, and affectation new risks for food security, safety and human health. The impacts of climate change on agriculture and other key economic sectors in the food production and supply chain, such as forestry and energy, threaten food. Climate change vulnerability and risk assessment of agriculture and. Previous studies, reports, surveys and policies on climate change and food in security. Climate changevariability impacts on farmers livelihoods.
Therefore, this study was investigated impact of climate change on food security using cge model linking with micro simulation, which captures household heterogeneity. Climate change and crop production edited by matthew p. Reducing risks to food security from climate change. Assessing the potential effects of climate change on food security requires. Assessing impacts and opportunities draft document 4 about the global alliance for the future of food the global alliance for the future of food is a unique collaboration of philanthropic foundations that have.
Food security concerns the available amount of food for a certain purpose. Ethiopian agriculture currently accounts for close to 42 percent of ethiopias output, employs 85 percent. It alters the composition of the global andor regional atmosphere and natural climate. Understanding climate as a driver of food insecurity in. We examine the driving forces behind farm households decisions to adapt to climate change, and the impact of adaptation on farm households food productivity. The effects of climate change and variability on food. Climate change impacts on food security in subsaharan. Impact of climate change on crop yield with special. Climate change impacts vary significantly, depending on the scenario and the global circulation model gcm chosen. Climate change trends and policy framework recent climate trends in ethiopia according to the undp climate change country profile, ethiopia s mean annual temperature has increased by 1. Mainstreaming climate change in ethiopias agricultural and food security policies. Climate change and food security in africa john david kabasa and irene sage 21.
As such, the number of studies on climate change and its impacts is increasing and the major aspects addressed include. Impact of climate change on food security and health in southern africa two of the most important issues impacted on by climate change described above in southern africa are food security and human health. The impacts of climate change on food security and health in. Climate change i climate change impacts, vulnerability and adaptation in zimbabwe i iied climate change working paper no. This study investigated how smallholder farmers perceive climate change, what adaptation strategies they practice, and factors that influence their adaptation decisions. Usaid climate change adaptation, thought leadership and assessments atlas activity has undertaken field work and analysis to provide guidance to the food for peace ffp program in ethiopia aimed at identifying and prioritizing climate risk and developing interventions that effectively address food security in light of climate. Modeling climate change, food security, and population. Climate change directly and indirectly impacts many aspects of food security, particularly in the agricultural and livestock.
Does adaptation to climate change provide food security. The impact is even stronger in pastoral areas of the country. Climate change, adaptation, impact, multivariate probit, instrumental variable. Understanding climate as a driver of food insecurity in ethiopia. Climate change adds additional complexity to efforts to combat persistent food. The questions for this chapter are how far climate and its. This academic paper uses ethiopia as a case study detailing how farmers are adapting to climate change. Climate change and its impact on food and nutrition security.
Until very recently, studies on climate change in ethiopia were very limited. Nowadays, research on climate change is expanding in ethiopia eshetu, 2011. Jan 22, 2009 climate change is a contributory factor to the food price crisis, and its impact on agriculture and food security in developing countries is expected to get more serious. Subsaharan africas experiences section presents the impacts of climate changes on agriculture and food security in various african countries. Climate change is projected to majorly impact food security which is why many researchers, aid organizations, and policymakers are so focused on finding sustainable agricultural practices. Feb, 2019 the impacts of climate change effects on livelihoods, food and water security, ecosystems, infrastructure etc. Impacts of climate change on food security in ethiopia. Climate change is a global challenge facing humans and their socioeconomic activities, health livelihood, and food security 14.
These will have direct effects on crop growth and their need for water, as well as soil fertility, water supply for irrigation, and prevalence of pests and diseases. As such, the number of studies on climate change and its impacts. Financial assistance was provided by the climate change, agriculture and food security. Compared to historic climate scenarios, climate change will lead to changes in yield and area growth, higher food prices and therefore lower affordability of food, reduced calorie availability, and growing childhood malnutrition in subsaharan africa. Historical and more recent climaterelated events such as the 20082009 and 2011 food security crises in the horn of africa have highlighted the impact of droughts and floods on food production, access to markets, and income from agricultural activities. Climate change and food security food security information network. Aug 11, 2017 this article aims to examine the impact of climate change on food security in south africa. Drought is the single most destructive climaterelated natural hazard in ethiopia. However, studies on the actual climate change dynamics and its effect on food security. Climate impact studies on crops predominate, but impacts on fisheries and livestock production are no less serious creighton et al. The paper examines the widespread effects of climate change and variability on food security in zimbabwe. The stability of whole food systems may be at risk under climate change because of shortterm variability in supply. Instead, understanding climate change s full impact will require knowledge of its potential effects on both the proximate causes of food.
The united nations framework convention on climate change unfccc secretariat has produced this book to highlight the concerns and needs of developing countries in adapting to the effects of climate change. At the same time, its greenhouse gas emissions have increased over the periodgrowing 11 percent alone between 2008 and 2009. For this purpose, the article adopted a desktop study approach. This paper examines the economic impact of climate change cc on food security and agricultural productivity in sub saharan africa ssa. Oct 21, 2015 climate change will affect the key conditions for good health. Pdf impacts of climate change on food security in ethiopia. Estimates suggest climate change may reduce ethiopia s gdp up to 10 percent by 2045, primarily through impacts on agricultural productivity. In ethiopia, the close collaboration and guidance for the ethiopian context that was provided by the staff of.
Impacts of climate change on food security learners notes 3 agricultural systems will need to cope with new stresses and risks. The impacts of climate change on food production in the. The map below shows the global distribution of risks associated with main agricultural production systems. The challenge of climate change and global warming is enormous in ethiopia due to widespread poverty, land use change. Implications for household food security in agropastoral areas of jigjiga district, eastern ethiopia yared lemma1, fekadu beyene2 and bekele hundie3 abstract ethiopia is one of the most vulnerable countries of the world to the impacts of climate change and variability. Study session 11 impacts of climate change in ethiopia.
Analysis of climate impacts on food security and livelihoods financial assistance was provided by the climate change, agriculture and food security ccafs research programme of the consultative group for international agricultural research cgiar, the directorate for development cooperation. Climate variability increases the risks of hunger in the region as it affects all four components of food security. Climate change, food security and agricultural productivity. Climate change is already affecting food security and it is expected to have even greater impacts in coming years. Food and climate change food production food system. Over the past 10 years, ethiopia has seen 10 percent annual gross domestic product growth. Expert stakeholder and author meeting workshop report 2527 june 20 prepared by. Historical and more recent climaterelated events such as the 20082009 and 2011 food security crises in the horn of africa have highlighted the impact of droughts and floods on food production. In ethiopia, several empirical studies have been conducted to identify the impact of social and economic factors on household food security. Rainfall shortage or excess hampers food production in the.
Climate change is a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity. Climate change is one of the environmental drivers interacting with a food system. Analysis of climate impacts on food security and livelihoods financial assistance was provided by the climate change, agriculture and food security. Ethiopia is vulnerable to climate change because our economies largely depend on climatesensitive agricultural production. Ethiopia is not an exception to the effects of climate change, whilst its impact may be exacerbated by the countrys huge dependence on rainfed agriculture, high population growth, insufficient climate. Nov 05, 2014 food security is highly sensitive to climate risks in ethiopia. Both primary and secondary data were used for the study, and a multinomial logit. Climate change will affect all four dimensions of food security. Climate change impacts on agriculture and livestock is depending on changes in temperature, precipitation and climate variability such as erratic. The psnp is a major component of government of ethiopia s food security program and plays a critical role in building the resilience capacity of chronically food. The impact of climate change on food security in south africa.
Historical and more recent climate related events such as the 20082009 and 2011 food security crises in the horn of africa have highlighted the impact of droughts and floods on food production, access to markets, and income from agricultural activities. Fao and other development agencies continue to support member countries to achieve sustainable agriculture production and enhanced food security. The agricultural sector remains the main source of livelihoods for rural communities in ethiopia, but faces the challenge of changing climate. Climate risks and development projects assessment report for a communitylevel project in guduru, oromiya, ethiopia marius keller bread for all, november 2009 bread for all is the swiss protestant churches development agency. Studies on the impact of climate change on growth and poverty in ethiopia should focus on the agricultural sector for it is undoubtedly the most important, and sensitive, sector to climate change. The impacts of climate change on crop yield can already be detected in observed data lobell et al. It will affect not only food production, but also food processing, distribution and consumption. This chapter explores these aspects and determinants of food security, summarizing the basic mechanisms by which climate change might impact the lives of the global food insecure. The institute develops adaptation and mitigation strategies as well as computer models that show how alternative policies, institutions, and investments to address climate change can benefit agriculture, food and nutrition security, and poor people. Impacts of climate change on crop production in ethiopia. This has led developing countries to heavily rely on foreign aid in the form of food.
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